System and method utilizing dynamic beam forming for wireless communication signals

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and system using dynamic beam forming for wireless communication signals in a wireless network. Base stations and/or UEs are provided with antenna systems having a range of beam forming selections. Relative base station and UE locations are one type of criteria used to make beam forming decisions.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application No.60/334,309, filed Nov. 29, 2001, U.S. provisional application No.60/334,226, filed Nov. 29, 2001 and U.S. provisional application No.60/334,369, filed Nov. 29, 2001, which are incorporated by reference asif fully set forth.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications.More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and systemusing dynamic beam forming for wireless communication signaltransmissions and/or receptions in a wireless network.

BACKGROUND

Wireless telecommunication systems are well known in the art.Conventionally, a base station will provide wireless communication formany subscriber units. Base stations will typically handle multiplecommunications with subscriber systems concurrently. One measure of basestation capacity is the maximum number of concurrent communications itcan support which is a factor determined by such things as availablepower and bandwidth.

Since not all subscribers communicate with the base station at the sametime, a base station can provide wireless service to a great manysubscribers beyond its capacity for concurrent communications. If themaximum number of concurrent communications for a base station are beingconducted, an attempt to establish a further communication will resultin an indication of service unavailability, such as a system busysignal.

Service coverage by a base station is not only limited to its capacityfor handling concurrent communications, but is also inherently limitedto a specific geographic area. A base station's geographic range istypically defined by the location of the base station's antenna systemand the power of the signal broadcast by the base station.

In order to provide wireless service over an expansive geographic area,a network system is conventionally provided with multiple base stations.Each base station has its antenna system selectively physically locatedto provide coverage over a specific portion of the total geographic areawhich is covered by the system. Such systems readily provide wirelessservice for mobile subscriber units which can travel out of the range ofone base station and into the range of another base station withoutinterruption of an ongoing wireless communication. In such networks, thegeographic area covered by a base station is commonly referred to as acell and telephone communication services provide are commonly calledcellular telephone services.

Systems constructed in accordance with current specifications of the3^(rd) Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) are designed to providesuch service. In such systems, a typical transmitting base station isknown as a “node b” and a typical subscriber unit, mobile or otherwise,is known as a User Equipment (UE).

In designing a telecommunication system to cover a specific geographicarea, the geographic area may be partitioned into a predefined patternof cells. For example as illustrated in FIG. 1A, hexagonal-shape cellscan be defined so that the cells cover the entire geographic area in ahoneycomb pattern. In such a system, each cell can have a base stationwhich has an antenna at the center of the cell to provide 360° coverage.Although a map of cell coverage may be designed without any overlappingareas, in practice as shown in FIG. 1B, the transmission beams, shown inphantom, from base station antennas of adjacent cells do overlap. Thisoverlap of beam coverage enables “handover” of a communication beingconducted by a mobile UE from one base station to another as the mobileUE travels from one cell to another. However, an overlapping basestation signal contributes to interference of a signal received by a UEfrom a different base station when the UE is located in the overlaparea.

For a variety of reasons, cells may be defined of various non-uniformshapes. Directional antennas, phased array antennas or other types ofantenna systems can be provided so that a beam from a base stationantenna for transmission and/or reception covers a particular geographicarea of a specific shape and size. As illustrated by base station BS′ inFIG. 1B, the use of directional antennas or phased antenna arraysenables a base station antenna to be located at the edge of a cell inorder to provide a shaped beam covering the cell. This can haveadvantages in better utilization of power and avoidance of creatinginterference outside the cell, in contrast with merely placing amonopole antenna on the edge of a cell and transmitting a 360°communication beam.

Unlike wireless communication systems which only serve stationarysubscriber units, systems designed to communicate with mobile users havemuch more complex usage patterns since service to a mobile UE cannormally be provided by any base station within the system. Accordingly,a particular base station may find its capacity being fully utilized bymobile UEs entering its cell from other cells.

The inventors have recognized that the base station and associatedantenna systems may be dynamically used to reconfigure base stationtransmission and/or reception beams in response to actual use of thewireless system. This can result in dynamically changing overall cellcoverage to more readily meet service demands and, thus, better avoidattempted communications being met with a network busy signal. This canalso result in “smart” handover to avoid communication degradation whena UE moves from one cell to another.

To implement dynamic beaming forming, the inventors have recognized thatdata generated by conventional means which identifies the geographiclocation of a mobile UE, such as using available Global PositioningSatellite (GPS) systems or a base station triangulation technique, canbe advantageously used in the dynamic operation of base station antennasystems.

SUMMARY

A method of selectively directing base station RF communication signalsin a wireless telecommunication system is provided. A base stationconducts wireless RF communications with a plurality of user equipments(UEs). An estimated location of a UE is determined. Relative locationdata is then determined using the estimated UE location and a knownlocation of a base station antenna system. Beam forming criteria iscalculated based in part on the relative location data. A directed beamis formed for RF communication signals between the UE and the basestation antenna system based on the calculated beam forming criteriasuch that the directed beam encompasses the estimated location of theUE.

The determining of location data of an estimated location of a UE may beperformed by telecommunication system triangulation of UE transmittedsignals received by one or more base stations. Alternatively, or incombination therewith, the determining of location data of an estimatedlocation of a UE may be performed by the UE, such as by the UE using aGlobal Positioning Satellite system, and the data is transmitted fromthe UE to a base station.

The calculating beam forming criteria preferably includes calculatingtransmission beam forming criteria based in part on the relativelocation data. The beam forming preferably includes forming a directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals transmittedfrom said base station antenna system based on the calculatedtransmission beam forming criteria such that the directed transmissionbeam encompasses the estimated location of the UE. Alternatively, or inaddition, the calculating beam forming criteria may include calculatingreception beam forming criteria based in part on the relative locationdata and the beam forming may include forming a directed reception beamfor UE RF communication signals received by the base station antennasystem based on the calculated reception beam forming criteria such thatthe directed reception beam encompasses the estimated location of theUE.

Preferably, an estimated location is determined for a plurality of UEswithin a specified geographic range of the base station antenna system.Relative location data of each UE is then determined using the estimatedUE location and the known location of the base station antenna system.Transmission beam forming criteria is calculated based in part on thedetermined relative location data of at least first and second UEs. Adirected transmission beam of base station RF communication signals forthe first UE based on the calculated transmission beam forming criteriais formed and transmitted from the base station antenna system such thatthe directed transmission beam encompasses the estimated location of thefirst UE. A directed transmission beam of base station RF communicationsignals for the second UE based on the calculated transmission beamforming criteria is formed and transmitted from the base station antennasystem such that the directed transmission beam encompasses theestimated location of the second UE. One directed transmission beam ofbase station RF communication signals for both the first and second UEsmay be formed and transmitted such that it encompasses the estimatedlocations of both the first UE and the second UE. Alternatively, a firstdirected transmission beam of base station RF communication signals forthe first UE is formed and transmitted and a second directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals for thesecond UE is formed and transmitted such that the second directedtransmission beam has a different direction than the first directedtransmission beam.

Preferably, the calculating transmission beam forming criteria is basedin part on comparative signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation. Thesignal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming one directed transmission beam ofbase station RF communication signals for both first and second UEs ispreferably be estimated. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming afirst directed transmission beam of base station RF communicationsignals for the first UE and a second directed transmission beam of basestation RF communication signals for said second UE that has a differentdirection than the first directed transmission beam is preferablyestimated. Then the estimated SNRs are compared to determine if thecalculated transmission beam forming criteria is to produce one or moredirected transmission beams.

Preferably, a phased antenna array system is used as the base stationantenna system and transmission beam forming criteria is calculated byestimating an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φand transmission power P such that phase φ and transmission power P areselected so the relative location of the UE is within A_(beam). Therelative location data of the UE can be given in the form (θ, d), whereθ represents the angle of the UE from a 0 degree reference of the basestation antenna system and d represents the UE's distance from the basestation antenna system location. The antenna system may have a pluralityof modes M which provide different shapes of beams for the same phaseand power and transmission beam forming criteria may then be calculatedby estimating an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as a function F of phaseφ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M. Preferably, theantenna system has at least two modes M which provide wide and narrowshapes of transmission beams, respectively for the same phase and power.The transmission beam forming criteria can be calculated by estimating abeam direction θ_(beam) as a function f of phase, θ_(beam)=f(φ) so thatA_(beam)=F(f⁻¹(θ_(beam)), P, M) and θ_(beam) is selected based on θ andP and M are selected base on d.

Where an estimated location is determined for a plurality of UEs,preferably reception beam forming criteria is calculated based in parton the determined relative location data of at least first and second ofUEs. A directed reception beam for RF communication signals of the firstUE received by the base station antenna system is formed based on thecalculated reception beam forming criteria such that the directedreception beam encompasses the estimated location of the first UE. Adirected reception beam for RF communication signals of the second UEreceived by the base station antenna system is formed based on thecalculated reception beam forming criteria such that the directedreception beam encompasses the estimated location of said second UE. Onedirected reception beam for RF communication signals of both the firstand second UEs may be formed such that it encompasses the estimatedlocations of the first UE and the second UE. Alternatively, a firstdirected reception beam for RF communication signals of the first UE isformed such that the first directed beam encompasses the estimatedlocation of the first UE and a second directed reception beam for RFcommunication signals of the second UE is formed such that the seconddirected beam encompasses the estimated location of the second UE andhas a different direction than the first directed reception beam.

Preferably, reception beam forming criteria calculation is based in parton comparative signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation. Signal to noiseratio (SNR) of forming one directed reception beam for RF communicationsignals of both first and second UEs is estimated. Signal to noise ratio(SNR) of forming a first directed reception beam for RF communicationsignals of the first UE and a second directed reception beam for RFcommunication signals of the second UE that has a different directionthan the first directed reception beam is estimated. The estimated SNRsare then compared to determine if the calculated reception beam formingcriteria is to produce one or more directed reception beams.

Where a phased antenna array system is used as the base station antennasystem, reception beam forming criteria is preferably calculated byestimating an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φsuch that phase φ is selected so the relative location data (θ, d) ofthe UE is within A_(beam). Where the antenna system has a plurality ofmodes M which provide different shapes of beams for the same phase,reception beam forming criteria may be calculated by estimating an areaof beam coverage A_(beam) as a function F of phase φ and antenna systemmode M. Reception beam forming criteria is preferably calculated byestimating a beam direction θ_(beam) as a function f of phase,θ_(beam)=f(φ) so that A_(beam)=F(f⁻¹(θ_(beam)), M) and θ_(beam) isselected based on θ and M is selected base on d.

A preferred base station has an RF module and an associated antennaarray system. A beam former is operatively associated with the RF moduleto form a desired beam within a range of beams of which the antennaarray system is capable. A geolocation processor is coupled to the beamformer that is configured to process UE geolocation data relative todata of a location of the base station's antenna array system and outputselected control parameters to the beam former. The beam former controlsthe RF module to transmit or receive communication data for a selectedUE in a shaped beam that encompasses an estimated location of theselected UE where geolocation data which corresponds to the estimatedlocation of the selected UE is processed by the geolocation processor.Preferably, the geolocation processor is configured to calculatetransmission beam forming parameters by estimating an area oftransmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ andtransmission power P such that phase φ and transmission power P areselected so the relative location data (θ, d) of the selected UE iswithin A_(beam). Preferably, the antenna system has a plurality of modesM which provide different shapes of beams for the same phase and powerand then the geolocation processor is configured to calculatetransmission beam forming parameters as a function of phase φ,transmission power P and antenna system mode M and to output parametersto the beam former representing a selected combination of phase φ,transmission power P and antenna system mode M to control transmissionbeam formation.

Alternatively, or in addition, the geolocation processor is configuredto calculate reception beam forming parameters by estimating an area ofreception beam coverage as a function of RF phase such that phase isselected so the relative location data of the selected UE is within thearea of reception beam coverage. Where the antenna system has aplurality of reception modes which provide different shapes of receptionbeams for the same phase, the geolocation processor is configured tocalculate reception beam forming parameters as a function of phase andantenna system reception mode and to output parameters to the beamformer representing a selected combination of phase and antenna systemreception mode to control reception beam formation.

Preferably, the RF module has the capacity to provide more than onetransmission beam such that each transmission beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs. In such case,the beam former is operatively associated with the RF module to form aset of desired transmission beams within a range of transmission beamswhich the antenna array system is capable of producing. The geolocationprocessor is then configured to calculate transmission beam formingparameters by estimating a set of areas of transmission beam coveragebased on relative location data (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of aplurality of selected UEs, where θ_(i) represents the angle of theUE_(i) from a 0 degree reference of the base station antenna system andd_(i) represents the distance of the UE_(i) from the base stationantenna system location, as a function of RF phase φ and transmissionpower P such that phase φ and transmission power P are selected so therelative location data (θ_(i), d₁) of each UE_(i) of a plurality ofselected UEs, is within one area of the set of areas of transmissionbeam coverage. Where the antenna system has a plurality of modes M whichprovide different shapes of beams for the same phase and power, thegeolocation processor is preferably configured to calculate transmissionbeam forming parameters as a function of phase φ, transmission power Pand antenna system mode M and to output parameters to the beam formerrepresenting a set of selected combination of phase φ, transmissionpower P and antenna system mode M to control transmission beamformation.

Alternatively, or in addition, the RF module has the capacity to providemore than one reception beam such that each reception beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs. In such case,the beam former is operatively associated with the RF module to form aset of desired reception beams within a range of reception beam capacityof the antenna array system. The geolocation processor is thenconfigured to calculate reception beam forming parameters by estimatinga set of areas of reception beam coverage based on relative locationdata (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of a plurality of selected UEs, whereθ_(i) represents the angle of the UE_(i) from a 0 degree reference ofthe base station antenna system and d_(i) represents the distance of theUE_(i) from the base station antenna system location, as a function ofRF phase φ such that phase φ is selected so the relative location data(θ_(i), d₁) of each UE_(i) of a plurality of selected UEs, is within onearea of the set of areas of reception beam coverage. Where the antennasystem has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapes ofbeams for the same phase, the geolocation processor is preferablyconfigured to calculate reception beam forming parameters as a functionof phase φ and antenna system mode M and to output parameters to thebeam former representing a set of selected combination of phase φ andantenna system mode M to control reception beam formation.

A wireless telecommunication system is constructed by providing aplurality of such base stations and a plurality of mobile userequipments (UEs). Preferably, each UE includes an RF module that has anassociated antenna. The UEs may have a geolocation processor that isconfigured to determine current UE geolocation data using a globalpositioning satellite (GPS) system which data is transmitted from the UERF module antenna for use by the base stations. Each UE may include abeam former operatively associated with the UE RF module to form adesired beam within a range of beams which the UE antenna array systemis capable of producing. In such case, a geolocation processor iscoupled to the UE beam former that is configured to process UEgeolocation data of an estimated UE location relative to data of theknown location of a selected base station and output selected controlparameters to the beam former. The UE beam former controls the UE RFmodule to transmit or receive communication data for the selected basestation in a shaped beam that encompasses the known location of theselected base station where UE geolocation data relative to the knownlocation of the selected base station is processed by the UE geolocationprocessor.

The UE geolocation processor is preferably configured to calculatetransmission beam forming parameters by estimating an area oftransmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ andtransmission power P such that phase φ and transmission power P areselected so relative location data of the estimated UE location relativeto the known location of the selected base station is within A_(beam).Relative location data of the estimated UE location relative to theknown location of the selected base station can be represented as (θ,d), where θ represents the angle of the selected base station from a 0degree reference of the estimated UE location and d represents thedistance between the estimated UE location and the known location of theselected base station.

The UE antenna system may have a plurality of modes M which providedifferent shapes of beams for the same phase and power. In such case,the UE geolocation processor is preferably configured to calculatetransmission beam forming parameters as a function of phase φ,transmission power P and antenna system mode M and to output parametersto the beam former representing a selected combination of phase φ,transmission power P and antenna system mode M to control transmissionbeam formation.

The UE geolocation processor may be configured to calculate receptionbeam forming parameters by estimating an area of reception beam coverageas a function of RF phase such that phase is selected so the relativelocation data of the selected base station is within the area ofreception beam coverage. Where the antenna system has a plurality ofreception modes which provide different shapes of reception beams forthe same phase, the geolocation processor is preferably configured tocalculate reception beam forming parameters as a function of phase andantenna system reception mode and to output parameters to the beamformer representing a selected combination of phase and antenna systemreception mode to control reception beam formation.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of selectivelydirecting base station RF communication signals in a wirelesstelecommunication system wherein base stations which have overlappingtransmission ranges conduct wireless RF communications with a pluralityof user equipments (UEs). An estimated location of each of a pluralityof UEs that are to receive base station RF communication signals isdetermined. The determining of an estimated location of a UE ispreferably performed by telecommunication system triangulation of UEtransmitted signals received by one or more base stations and/orperformed by a Global Positioning Satellite system at the UE. For eachUE, each base station that has a transmission range which encompassesthe estimated UE location is identified. For each UE, relative UElocation data in relation to each identified base station is identifiedusing the UE location data and predefined location data of theidentified base station. For each identified base station, beam formingcriteria is calculated based in part on the determined relative locationdata such that each UE is assigned to a particular base station fromwhich RF communication signals for that UE are to be transmitted. A setof directed beams of base station RF communication signals for the UEsis formed based on the calculated beam forming criteria such that foreach said UE a directed beam having RF communication signals for that UEencompasses the estimated location of that UE. The process is repeatedbased on selected criteria to dynamically reconfigure base stationtransmission beams.

Communication data for each UE may have a quality of service and a datarate requirement. In such case, beam forming criteria is preferablycalculated such that each UE is assigned to a particular base stationbased in part on the quality of service and data rate requirements ofthe communication data to be transmitted to the UEs. Preferably, therelative location data of each UE includes estimated relative velocitydata of the UE. In such case, beam forming criteria is preferablycalculated such that each UE is assigned to a particular base stationbased in part on both the relative location data corresponding to theestimated UE locations and the relative estimated velocity data of theUEs.

The method to dynamically reconfigure base station transmission beams ispreferably repeated based on a selected type of:

-   a. change in relative location data corresponding to the estimated    UE locations and the relative estimated velocity data of the UEs,-   b. change in the quality of service and/or data rate requirements of    the communication data to be transmitted to the UEs, and/or-   c. base station failure.

A preferred wireless telecommunication system to dynamically reconfigurebase station transmission beams includes a plurality of base stationsfor conducting wireless RF communications with a plurality of userequipments (UEs). Each base station has an RF module and an associatedantenna system that is located at a predetermined position and ageographic transmission range that overlaps with the transmission rangeof at least one other of said base stations. A beam former operativelyassociated with the RF module of each base station to form a set ofdesired beams within a range of beams which the base station's antennaarray system is capable of producing. A network interface interconnectsthe base stations. The network interface and one or more associatedgeolocation processors are configured to:

-   a. process UE geolocation data that corresponds to estimated    locations of selected UEs relative to location data of antenna array    systems of base stations having transmission ranges that encompass    the estimated locations of the selected UEs,-   b. apportion said selected UEs into groups, each group for    maintaining communications with a selected base station of base    stations having transmission ranges that encompass the estimated    locations of the selected UEs, and-   c. output selected parameters to the beam formers of base stations    having transmission ranges that encompass the estimated locations    such that a selected base station transmits communication data for    each UE of the corresponding group of apportioned UEs in a shaped    beam that encompasses the estimated location of the respective UE.

Communication data for each selected UE may have a quality of serviceand a data rate requirement. Preferably, the network interface andassociated geolocation processors are configured to apportion theselected UEs into groups based in part on the quality of service anddata rate requirements of the communication data to be transmitted tothe selected UE. Geolocation data of each selected UE may includeestimated relative velocity data of the UE. Preferably, the networkinterface and associated geolocation processors are configured toapportion the selected UEs into groups based in part on both thegeolocation data corresponding to the estimated UE locations andrelative estimate velocity data of the selected UEs.

Preferably, each base station includes a geolocation processor coupledto its beam former that is configured to process UE geolocation datarelative to the predetermined position of its antenna array system tooutput selected parameters to its beam former such that its beam formercontrols its RF module to transmit communication data for a selected UEin a shaped beam that encompasses an estimated location of the selectedUE where geolocation data which corresponds to the estimated location isprocessed by said geolocation processor. Where communication data for aUE has a quality of service and a data rate requirement, each basestation geolocation processor is preferably configured to calculate beamforming parameters for a beam directed to a selected UE based in part onthe quality of service and data rate requirements of the communicationdata to be transmitted to the selected UE. Where geolocation data ofeach selected UE includes estimated relative velocity data of the UE,each base station geolocation processor is preferably configured tocalculate beam forming parameters for a beam directed to a selected UEbased in part on both the geolocation data corresponding to theestimated locations and relative estimate velocity data of the selectedUE.

Additionally, each base station geolocation processor may be configuredto output selected parameters to the base station's beam former suchthat the base station's beam former controls the RF module to transmitor receive communication data for a selected UE in a shaped beam thatencompasses an estimated location of the selected UE where geolocationdata which corresponds to the estimated location of the selected UE isprocessed by said geolocation processor. Each base station RF module canhave the capacity to provide more than one transmission or receptionbeam such that each transmission or reception beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs. In such case,each respective beam former is operatively associated with the RF moduleto form a set of desired transmission or reception beams within a rangeof beams within the capacity of the base station's antenna array system.

A further aspect of the invention provides a smart handover method ofselectively directing base station RF communication signals in awireless telecommunication system wherein base stations that have knownlocations and overlapping transmission ranges conduct wireless RFcommunications with a mobile user equipment (UE). An estimated locationof a mobile UE which is receiving RF communication signals from a basestation and is located in the transmission range of a plurality of basestations is determined. The determining of an estimated location of a UEis preferably performed by telecommunication system triangulation of UEtransmitted signals received by one or more base stations and/orperformed by a Global Positioning Satellite system at the UE. For eachUE, each base station that has a transmission range which encompassesthe estimated UE location is identified. Each base station that has atransmission range which encompasses the estimated UE location isidentified. Relative UE location data in relation to each identifiedbase station is determined using the estimated UE location and the basestation's known location. Beam forming criteria is calculated based inpart on the determined relative location data such that the UE isassigned to one of the identified base stations from which RFcommunication signals for that UE are to be transmitted. A directed beamof base station RF communication signals for the UE transmitted from theassigned base station is formed based on the calculated beam formingcriteria such that the directed beam encompasses the estimated locationof that UE. The smart handover process is repeated based on selectedcriteria to dynamically reconfigure base station transmission beams.

Communication data for the UE may have a quality of service and a datarate requirement. In such case, beam forming criteria such that the UEis assigned to one of the identified base stations is preferablycalculated based in part on the quality of service and data raterequirements of the communication data to be transmitted to the UEs.Relative location data of the UE may include estimated relative velocitydata of the UE. In such case, beam forming criteria such that each UE isassigned to one of said identified base stations is preferablycalculated based in part on both the relative location datacorresponding to the estimated UE location and the relative estimatedvelocity data of the UE.

The smart handover process is preferably repeated to dynamicallyreconfigure base station transmission beams based on a selected type of:

-   a. change in relative location data corresponding to the estimated    UE location and the relative estimated velocity data of the UE,-   b. change in the quality of service and/or data rate requirements of    the communication data to be transmitted to the UE, and/or-   c. base station failure.

A preferred wireless telecommunication system for implementing smarthandover includes a plurality of base stations for conducting wirelessRF communications with a mobile user equipment (UE). Each base stationhas an RF module and an associated antenna system that is located at apredetermined position and a geographic transmission range whichoverlaps with the transmission range of at least one other of the basestations. A beam former operatively associated with the RF module ofeach base station to form a set of desired beams within a range of beamswhich the base station's antenna array system is capable of producing. Anetwork interface interconnects the base stations. The network interfaceand one or more associated geolocation processors configured to:

-   a. process UE geolocation data that corresponds to an estimated    location of a selected mobile UE relative to location data of    antenna array systems of base stations having transmission ranges    that encompass the estimated location of the selected UE;-   b. select a base station of the base stations having transmission    ranges that encompass the estimated location of the selected UE; and-   c. output parameters to the beam former of the selected base station    such that the selected base station transmits communication data for    the selected UE in a shaped beam that encompasses the estimated    location of the selected UE.

Communication data for the selected UE may have a quality of service anda data rate requirement. In such case, the network interface andassociated geolocation processors are preferably configured to select abase station based in part on the quality of service and data raterequirements of the communication data to be transmitted to the selectedUE. Geolocation data of the selected UE may include estimated relativevelocity data of the UE. In such case, the network interface andassociated geolocation processors are configured to select a basestation based in part on both the geolocation data corresponding to theestimated location and relative estimate velocity data of the selectedUE.

Each base station may include a geolocation processor coupled to itsbeam former that is configured to process UE geolocation data relativeto the predetermined position of its antenna array system to outputselected parameters to its beam former such that its beam formercontrols its RF module to transmit communication data for a selected UEin a shaped beam that encompasses an estimated location of the selectedUE where geolocation data which corresponds to the estimated location isprocessed by said geolocation processor. Where communication data for aUE has a quality of service and a data rate requirement, each basestation geolocation processor is preferably configured to calculate beamforming parameters for a beam directed to a selected UE based in part onthe quality of service and data rate requirements of the communicationdata to be transmitted to the selected UE. Where geolocation data of theUE includes estimated relative velocity data of the UE, each basestation geolocation processor is preferably configured to calculate beamforming parameters for a beam directed to the UE based in part on boththe geolocation data corresponding to the estimated location andrelative estimate velocity data of the UE.

Each base station geolocation processor may also be configured tocalculate transmission beam forming parameters by estimating an area oftransmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ andtransmission power P such that phase φ and transmission power P areselected so the relative location data of the UE is within A_(beam).Wherein each base station antenna system has a plurality of modes Mwhich provide different shapes of beams for the same phase and power,each base station geolocation processor is preferably configured tocalculate transmission beam forming parameters as a function of phase φ,transmission power P and antenna system mode M and to output parametersto the respective beam former representing a selected combination ofphase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M to controltransmission beam formation.

Each base station geolocation processor may also be configured to outputselected parameters to the base station's beam former such that the basestation's beam former controls the RF module to transmit or receivecommunication data for the UE in a shaped beam that encompasses anestimated location of the UE where geolocation data which corresponds tothe estimated location of the UE is processed by said geolocationprocessor. In such case, each base station geolocation processor ispreferably configured to calculate reception beam forming parameters byestimating an area of reception beam coverage as a function of RF phasesuch that phase is selected so the relative location data of the UE iswithin the area of reception beam coverage. Wherein each base stationantenna system has a plurality of reception modes which providedifferent shapes of reception beams for the same phase, the geolocationprocessor is preferably configured to calculate reception beam formingparameters as a function of phase and antenna system reception mode andto output parameters to the beam former representing a selectedcombination of phase and antenna system reception mode to controlreception beam formation.

Each base station RF module may have the capacity to provide more thanone transmission beam such that each transmission beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs. In such case,each respective beam former is preferably operatively associated withthe RF module to form a set of desired transmission beams within a rangeof transmission beams which the base station's antenna array system iscapable of producing.

In any of the disclosed systems, each UE preferably includes an RFmodule that has an associated antenna. Each UE may have a geolocationprocessor that is configured to determine current UE geolocation using aglobal positioning satellite (GPS) system. Optionally, each UE may alsoinclude a beam former operatively associated with the UE RF module toform a desired beam within a range of beams which the antenna arraysystem is capable of producing and a geolocation processor coupled tothe UE beam former that is configured to process UE geolocation data ofan estimated UE location relative to data of the known location of aselected base station and output selected parameters to the beam formersuch that the beam former controls the RF module to transmit or receivecommunication data for the selected base station in a shaped beam thatencompasses the known location of the selected base station where UEgeolocation data relative to the known location of the selected basestation is processed by the UE geolocation processor.

Other object and advantages of the present invention will be apparent tothe skilled artisan from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a conventional cell layout and transmissionpattern.

FIG. 2 illustrates the dynamic use of shaped transmission beams toaddress a specific concentration of users.

FIG. 3 illustrates the dynamic use of shaped transmission beams where abase station suffers a failure.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart for the dynamic reallocation of cell coverage.

FIGS. 5A–5E illustrate a base station using beam forming to provideradio beam coverage to selected User Equipments (UEs) in a variety ofsituations.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart for implementing geolocation based beam forming.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of base station and UE components for ageolocation-assisted beam forming mobile communication system inaccordance with the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrated a handover scenario as a UE moves from one cell toanother.

FIG. 9 depicts the negotiation process among the cooperating basestations for smart handover.

FIG. 10 illustrates user equipment supported via beam forming basestations using smart handover in accordance with the teachings of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart depicting the steps for smart handover with beamforming base stations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

Initial cell coverage for a wireless communication system can beconfigured in a conventional manner such as illustrated in FIG. 1B.However, in lieu of maintaining strictly defined coverage areas, thepresent invention employs dynamic shaping of cell coverage to adapt toactual real time system usage demands. Radio resources, coverage areaand users served can be better shared among a number of neighboring andcooperating base stations. This leads to increased system capacity,utilization and efficiency.

The following description is primarily directed to dynamic shaping oftransmission beams from base stations. However, those of ordinary skillin the art will appreciate the applicability of beam forming forreception as well. Since the data requirements in various types ofbidirectional communications can be quite different for uplink anddownlink portions of the same communication, independent control of beamshaping for transmission and reception is preferred. Additionally, beamforming for transmission or reception at UEs can also be advantageouslyemployed.

Preferably, the base station for each cell employs a phased antennaarray or similar antenna system. As is well known in the art, phasedantenna arrays and other conventional systems can enable a base stationto transmit (or receive) a selectively sized beam in a selecteddirection. For a phased antenna array, an RF signal phase can beadjusted to direct the transmission beam and signal power can beadjusted to control the size of the beam. Also, antenna selection andsize can play a role in shape and size of the beam. For example, a basestation can have an antenna system with two antenna arrays, one whichproduces relatively narrow beams in a given direction and one thatproduces relatively wide beam in a given direction.

Through adjusting such parameters, two or more neighboring cells cannegotiate and redefine the area covered by each base station in a mannerthat is more optimal to all of the cells taken together. A base stationmay initiate a negotiation process with one or more of its neighbors inadjacent cells as a result of excessive demand from users in areapresently covered by it or as a result of surplus resources rendered bylow traffic volume. In addition to the above, there may be otherconsiderations that could make a cell initiate a negotiation process.The negotiation process itself preferably entails of a series of messageexchanges between the cooperating base stations using interfaces betweenthemselves. At the end of the negotiation process, the group of cellsmay arrive at a new partitioning of the total area covered, therebyimproving the collective operational performance. The new area coveredby each base station is illuminated with RF energy by beam formingtechniques of the antenna arrays.

FIGS. 2 and 3 depict examples of scenarios. FIG. 2 illustrates aconcentration of users in the base station BS₁ region and the regionbetween base station BS₁ and base station BS₃. Upon determining the highconcentration of users in these regions, the antenna arrays at basestation BS₁ and base station BS₃ are used to transmit a selectivelyshaped and directed beam to provide the needed radio resources to theuser concentrations. FIG. 3 shows a situation where base station BS₃ hassuffered a failure. Base station BS₁ and base station BS₂ are then usedto transmit a selectively shaped and directed beam to provide the neededradio resources to the users in the region normally served by basestation BS₃.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart depicting the typical sequence of steps involvedin dynamically re-allocating base station coverage using antenna arrays.First, parameters are set for triggering the reallocation. In order totrack and determine triggering events, the network preferably keepstrack of the number of active communications between each base stationand the UEs and the UE location. Preferably, this information is updatedat a rapid rate, since mobile UE locations may be continuously changing.

In addition to the location of the UE(s), the speed and direction of theUE(s) may also be reported by the UE or estimated by the BS. Thisinformation, coupled with geographic map information, may be used topredict the future position(s) of the UE(s). This information can beused to (1) reduce the frequency with which the location data has to betransmitted by the UE(s) to the BS, (2) determine if the network islikely to reach full capacity in (near) future. The latter can be takeninto account in the beam forming decision process.

This data enables the network to determine if a particular base stationis reaching full capacity or is likely to reach full capacity. Thereallocation process can then be triggered when a threshold number ofconcurrent user communications with a particular base station or athreshold amount of data traffic volume is reached. The number of ongoing communications in adjacent cells is compared and if there is asufficiently lower number, the negotiation process between two or morebase stations commences. Since UE location is known, a significantlyhigh concentration of users in a small area can also be used as atriggering event. Preferably, a base station failure is also defined asa triggering event to provide auxiliary coverage by adjacent basestations.

The negotiation process, after being initiated by a triggering event,preferably entails evaluating all of the UE location data for UEscommunicating with the particular base stations and matching them with aset of beam patterns available to the particular base stations whichprovide a more even service distribution of the UEs with the same orlower signal to noise ratio (SNR). Once the negotiation process iscompleted, the base stations refocus their transmitted RF signals toprovide the beams for the UEs which are determined during thenegotiation process.

Beam forming selection is preferably determined using UE geolocationdata. Data traffic volume is also an important consideration,particularly when beam forming is applied for communication withmultiple UEs.

FIG. 5A illustrates an elemental case where a base station 10 focuses aradio beam 12 on a single UE, UE₁. The base station beam is formed usingexplicit knowledge of location and/or locations of the targeted users,in this case UE₁.

FIG. 6 provides an elementary flow diagram of the process. The firststep consists of determination of location and/or locations of thetargeted UE and/or UEs. This is preferably achieved by using well knowntechniques including: 1) UE based techniques, such as GPS based methods;2) Network based triangulation methods, such as methods based on TimeDifference of Arrival (TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA); 3) hybrid methodsinvolving both the UE and the Network. When using a UE based technique,a second communication step is provided by which the Network is madeaware of locations data for each targeted UE. This process consists ofan exchange of appropriately designed messages between UE and theNetwork.

A beam forming calculation step then occurs which preferably includesdecision processing based on location data of targeted UEs. During thisstep the network determines the characteristics of the beam forming inorder to serve the targeted UE(s) in a manner deemed appropriate and/oroptimal by the network. This decision process may also involve abidirectional communication process, in which the UE is also involved inthe decision process. Finally, the beam is formed based on decisionprocess to produce a selectively sized and directed RF beam which coversthe UE's position as reflected by its geolocation data.

A block diagram of relevant components of a base station 20 and a UE 30is illustrated in FIG. 7. The base station 20 is preferably coupled tonetwork components via a set of channel processors 22 that process andformat data. The base station/network interface may be by wireline,wireless or any other type of connection.

The channel processors 32 are coupled with a set of modem units 24. Themodem units 24 modulate signals for transmission and demodulate receivedsignals. An RF module 26 has an associated phased antenna array system27 and is coupled with the modems 24. The RF module 26 translates themodulated signals received from the base station modem units 24 to aselected carrier frequency for transmission. The RF module 26 isoperatively associated with a beam former 28 that can selectively adjustpower, RF phase and antenna selection to form a desired beam from therange of beams which the antenna array system 27 is capable ofproducing. A geolocation processor 29 processes the UE geolocation datato output selected parameters to the beam former 28.

The antenna system 27 can have a continuous range of angularly orientedbeams or a range of discrete angularly oriented beams. The beam rangemay also have various beam widths available for particular angularorientations. Preferably, the RF module 26 is configured so that it iscapable of providing more than one transmission beam such that each beamis capable of carrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs.Preferably, beam forming for reception is independent of beam formingfor transmission, since the data flow of user communications is oftenasymmetric. For example, if the UE has requested a data link to downloada file, the downlink data to the UE will be normally significantlygreater than any uplink data flow to the base station during such acommunication.

The UE 30 includes a channel processor 32 for processing and formattingdata that is coupled with a modem unit 34. An application processor 33can be provided to support various voice and data processingapplications. The modem unit 34 modulates signals for transmission anddemodulates received signals. An RF module 36 has an associated antenna37 and is coupled with the modem 34. The RF module 36 translates themodulated signal received from the UE modem 34 to a selected carrierfrequency for transmission. A geolocation processor 39 can be providedto determine UE geolocation from a GPS system that is then transmittedto the base station 20, preferably at frequent intervals for a mobileUE.

The UE may be provided with a beam former 38 (shown in phantom) that canselectively adjust power, RF phase and antenna selection to form adesired beam from the range of beams which the antenna array system 37is capable of producing. In such case, the geolocation processor 39 isprovided to process the UE geolocation data to output selectedparameters to the UE's beam former. Using beam forming for UEtransmission and/or reception can provide benefits in SNR reduction bothat the UE and for the network. Transmitting a directed beam will in manyinstances reduce the amount of interference created by the UE to othersystem base stations or UEs outside the beam. Receiving via a directedbeam will in many instances decrease the amount of interference in thereceived signal for sources outside the beam.

For convenience, the geolocation data for each UE can be stated in termsof polar coordinates relative to the base station antenna position ofthe base station from which a beam is to be transmitted to the UE. Withreference to FIG. 5A, in operation, the base station receives thelocation data of UE₁ as (θ₁, d₁) where θ₁ represents the angle of the UEfrom a 0 degree reference ray of the base station antenna system and d₁represents the UE's estimated distance from the base station antennasystem location.

Where dynamic beam forming is employed by the UE, geolocation data forthe UE can similarly be stated in terms of polar coordinates relative toa known location of a selected base station with which the UE iscommunicating. In such case, the relative location data coordinate θrepresents the angle of the selected base station from a 0 degreereference ray of the UE and d represents the UE's estimated distancefrom the selected base station.

Where a phased antenna array system is employed, the beam coverage areaA_(beam) is a function F( ) of RF phase φ and, for transmitted beams,transmission power P. The specific antenna system employed may alsoprovide various antenna selection modes M which provide different shapesof beams for the same phase and power, for example a wide beam and anarrow beam selection may be available for a give phase. Accordingly, ingeneral:A _(beam) =F(φ, P, M) (for transmission)A _(beam) =F(φ, M) (for reception).Since beam direction θ_(beam) is a primarily a function of phase,θ_(beam)=f(φ):A _(beam) =F(f ⁻¹(θ_(beam)), P, M) (for transmission)A _(beam) =F(f ⁻¹(θ_(beam)), M) (for reception).Applying this in FIG. 5A to provide a transmission beam 12 to cover UE₁,A _(beam12) =F(f ⁻¹(θ₁), P, M)where P, M are selected such that A_(beam12) extends at least a distanceof d₁.

Phased array antennas that have bidirectional beams may be used.Typically, such antennas direct beams which are symmetric to an axis. Bydefining the antennas angular 0 degree reference along that axis, thefunctional relationship of the beam direction θ_(beam) to phase φ can berepresented in terms of its absolute value as:|θ_(beam) |=f(φ)where the polar coordinate representations of UE location data areconverted such that the angular data θ ranges ±180 degrees from the basestations' 0 degree angular reference, i.e. −180°≦θ≦180°.

A primary factor in selecting beam forming parameters, particularly Pand M, is to maintain a low signal to noise (interference) ratio (SNR)of the received signal. SNR is S÷I, where S is desired Signal and I isthe interference. A general formula is:${\frac{S}{I} = \frac{S_{b}}{N_{0} + {\sum S_{k}}}},$Where: S_(b) is the desired signal at the receiver,

N₀ is the noise, and

ΣS_(k) is the sum of signal interference from other communications.

The nature of the S_(k) values are generally dependant on the modulationin use, with an inverse relationship to distance.

FIGS. 5B through 5D illustrate various scenarios. In FIG. 5B, UE₂ andUE₃ are sufficiently far apart that a beam formed on each of the UEsfrom base station antenna array 10 is of benefit. In transmission, thebeam directed to UE₂ is far removed form the beam directed to UE₃. Thus,neither provides significant interference to reduce the respective SNRof the received signals.

In FIG. 5C the beams have significant overlap, indicating the respectivesignals present significant interference to each other. At either UE₂and UE₃, the other's transmission will appear as a significant noisefactors. In FIG. 5D, the same two UEs, UE₂ and UE₃, are illustrated atthe same locations as covered by a single wide beam. The signal to eachUE sees one less interferer since there is no second signal to the otherUE thereby improving the denominator of the signal to interferenceratio. If the power reaching the UEs is maintained constant, theselection of a mode parameter M reflecting a wide beam shape is made toimprove SNR over the alternative illustrated in FIG. 5C.

In actual application, other variables can come into play. Powerlimitations in the transmitter or potential interference some distanceaway might actually require a lower power reaching the UEs duringtransmission from the base station, and an increase in noise from othersources due to the broadened beam could occur. In particular, where thebeams of two or more adjacent base stations are being determined forcell reallocation, the power and shape of the beams to be transmitted byadjacent cells is preferably taken into account in determining anappropriate set of beams for the base stations involved in the process.

Additionally, the type of communication can be considered sincedifferent types of communications have different data rate and qualityof service requirements. For example, data file transfers may beperformed at a relatively low rate, but can require a high quality ofservice since every bit of a computer data program file must normally becorrect in order for the transferred program file to operate correctly.Voice or video conferencing, can have a lower quality of servicerequirement, but may require a higher data rate so that the voice orvideo conference can appear to the user as being conducted in real timewithout interruption. Music or video streaming communications can havesimilar quality of service and data rate requirements for down link, butmay be very asymmetrical with respect to uplink requirements.Accordingly, due to asymmetric data rate and quality of servicerequirements for two separate communications between base station 10and, respectively, UE₂ and UE₃, FIG. 5C could represent the selectivelyformed downlink transmission beams from base station 10 to UE₂ and UE₃and FIG. 5D could represent the selectively formed uplink reception beamfor base station 10 for those communications.

If the data rate using one beam is not adequate to support both UEsrequirements, it may be necessary to change the modulation format (rate,bits per symbol, etc.) to be able to use one beam. Such changes arelikely to degrade the signal value in the numerator. Accordingly, thegeolocation processor of the base station preferably makes comparativecalculations to determine whether the better situation involves one ortwo beams and the required power for such beams. The beam patternproviding the best signals based on SNR are then preferably implemented.It is possible to extend the calculations to include the potential ofrotating the beams from directly focusing them on the UEs, since theincreased separation while somewhat detrimental to the denominator, maybe more significant in the numerator.

FIG. 5E illustrates the cases of an increased number of UEs, UE₁ throughUE₇. For ease of calculation, the UEs can be identified according totheir angular polar coordinate such that for all UE_(i) represented by(θ_(i), d_(i)) and UE_(i+1) represented by (θ_(i+1), d_(i+1)),θ_(i)≦θ_(i+1). For any number N of UEs, the beam forming selectionprocess can then search for the two greatest values of (θ_(i)−θ_(i+1)),i.e. Δθ_(i,i+1), including Δθ_(N, 1), to determine two groups of UEswhich are closest together in angular orientation relative to the basestation antenna array 10. FIG. 5E represents the situation where theangular difference between UE₇ and UE₁ (Δθ_(7,1)) and the angulardifference between UE₃ and UE₄ (Δθ_(3,4)) are greatest so UEs, UE₁through UE₃, and UEs, UE₄ through UE₇ are initially selected forgrouping.

θ_(beam) for each of two proposed beam allocations can then initially beselected to bisect the end UEs angular orientation of each of the twogroups. In the FIG. 5E situation, θ_(beam) for the first proposed beamallocation would preferably be initialized as (θ₁+θ₃)÷2 and θ_(beam) forthe second proposed beam allocation would preferably be initialized as(θ₄+θ₇)÷2.

M is then selected to assure a wide enough beam to cover the angularspread between the end UEs of each group and P is selected to assure thesignal projected distance is sufficient to cover the distant reflectedin each the UE's distance coordinate d in the respective UE group.Calculations for other groupings can be made to determine if SNRimproves on a systematic basis such that failure to provide improvementresults in termination of the type of grouping variation beingattempted. Where the antenna array provides a bidirectional symmetricbeam as discussed above, the above calculations can be modified based onthe absolute value of the relative angular location θ of each of the UEswhich would be converted to the range −180°≦θ≦180°.

Dynamic beam forming can also be advantageously employed in implementinghandover of on-going communications. In order for a UE communication tobe in progress, the UE has established an RF link between itself and abase station antenna system which may be located on a cell tower. As theUE moves, the characteristics of the RF link change and the receivedsignal quality at UE and/or the cell tower may be reduced, causing ahandover consideration process to be triggered. FIG. 8 illustrates a UEconducting a communication with a base station BS₁ in one cell andmoving toward an adjacent cell which is serviced by a different basestation BS₂.

The handover consideration process involves the UE and a number ofcandidate target cells, one of which is then selected for the handover,if performed. FIG. 9 illustrates the negotiation process amongcooperating base stations to make smart handover decisions. During thishandover consideration process, each of the candidate cells communicateamong themselves and exchange information regarding the availability ofRF resources and any other considerations relevant to supporting the UEunder consideration. Since the beams of two or more adjacent basestations are being determined for cell reallocation, the power and shapeof the beams to be transmitted by adjacent cells is preferably takeninto account in determining an appropriate set of beams for the basestations involved in the process. The negotiation process employs beamforming selection based on UE geolocation data as described above. Theresult of the negotiation is a determination of a selected set of beamsfor the involved base stations providing UE coverage with a relativelylow SNR.

During this negotiation phase, the UE continues to be supported by theoriginal cell tower, using tracking and focused beams by virtue of itsantenna array. As such, the handover consideration process is notnecessarily subject to tight timing restrictions. As illustrated in FIG.10, in the extreme case, if a neighboring cell is not able toefficiently accept the UE, it may be determined that the original cellis best situated and should continue to serve the UE. This is done bybeam forming and tracking abilities of the antenna array of, forexample, base station BS₁ to continue to maintain the communicationswith UE₁ and UE₃, even though they have traveled beyond normal cellcoverage of BS₁. In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, a highconcentration of users proximate base station BS₂ has resulted in the“smart” handover determination to reconfigure an extended beam from basestation BS₁ to continue service for UE₃.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of general process for conducting “smart”handover, which may actually result in no handover being made. The firststep is to trigger the smart handover process through the occurrence ofa triggering event. The triggering event preferably includes thresholdsrelating to UE location data, change of location data that indicatestravel direction, UE signal quality deterioration, serving base stationload and changes in service needs of the UE which may switch from a lowto a high data rate during a communication as required by an underlyingcommunication application.

Once the process is triggered, the serving base station determines whichbase stations are to be involved and proceeds with the negotiationprocess to selected a preferred beam allocation pattern for all of theinvolved base stations. Once the new beam allocation process is selectedit is implemented to refocus the respective base station beams. Where ahandover is to occur, the new serving based station will first implementthe selected beams determined for it and acquire the UE communication,before the original serving base station implements its new beampattern.

Where both smart handover and overall network dynamic shaping of cellcoverage are employed, the smart handover criteria can merely serve as atriggering event for the dynamic shaping of cell coverage processillustrated in FIG. 4.

While the invention is described in terms of certain specificparameters, other variations will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

1. A method of selectively directing base station RF communicationsignals in a wireless telecommunication system wherein a base stationconducts wireless RF communications with a plurality of user equipments(UEs), the method comprising: determining an estimated location of a UE;determining relative location data using the estimated UE location and aknown location of a base station antenna system; calculating beamforming criteria based in part on the relative location data; forming adirected beam for RF communication signals between said UE and said basestation antenna system based on said calculated beam forming criteriasuch that said directed beam encompasses the estimated location of saidUE; said calculating beam forming criteria including calculatingtransmission beam forming criteria based in part on the relativelocation data; said beam forming including forming a directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals transmittedfrom said base station antenna system based on said calculatedtransmission beam forming criteria such that said directed transmissionbeam encompasses the estimated location of said UE; determining anestimated location for a plurality of UEs within a specified geographicrange of the base station antenna system; determining relative locationdata of each UE using said estimated location and the known location ofthe base station antenna system; calculating transmission beam formingcriteria based in part on the determined relative location data of atleast first and second of said UEs; forming and transmitting from saidbase station antenna system a directed transmission beam of base stationRF communication signals for said first UE based on said calculatedtransmission beam forming criteria such that said directed transmissionbeam encompasses the estimated location of said first UE; and formingand transmitting from said base station antenna system a directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals for saidsecond UE based on said calculated transmission beam forming criteriasuch that said directed transmission beam encompasses the estimatedlocation of said second UE.
 2. The method according to claim 1 whereinthe determining of location data of an estimated location of a UE isperformed by telecommunication system triangulation of UE transmittedsignals received by one or more base stations.
 3. The method accordingto claim 1 wherein the determining of location data of an estimatedlocation of a UE is performed by the UE and the data is transmitted fromthe UE to a base station.
 4. The method according to claim 2 wherein thedetermining of location data of an estimated location of a UE isperformed by the UE using a Global Positioning Satellite system.
 5. Themethod according to claim 1 wherein the determining of location data ofan estimated location of a UE is performed by telecommunication systemtriangulation of UE transmitted signals received by one or more basestations in conjunction with the UE using a Global Positioning Satellite(GPS) system where GPS data is transmitted from the UE to a basestation.
 6. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:calculating reception beam forming criteria based in part on therelative location data; and forming a directed reception beam for UE RFcommunication signals received by said base station antenna system basedon said calculated reception beam forming criteria such that saiddirected reception beam encompasses the estimated location of said UE.7. The method according to claim 1 wherein one directed transmissionbeam of base station RF communication signals for both said first andsecond UEs is formed and transmitted such that said one directedtransmission beam encompasses the estimated locations of said first UEand said second UE.
 8. The method according to claim 1 wherein a firstdirected transmission beam of base station RF communication signals forsaid first UE is formed and transmitted such that said first directedtransmission beam encompasses the estimated location of said first UEand a second directed transmission beam of base station RF communicationsignals for said second UE is formed and transmitted such that saidsecond directed transmission beam encompasses the estimated location ofsaid second UE and has a different direction than said first directedtransmission beam.
 9. The method according to claim 1 whereincalculating transmission beam forming criteria is based in part on:estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming one directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals for both saidfirst and second UEs that encompasses the estimated locations of saidfirst UE and said second UE; estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR)of forming a first directed transmission beam of base station RFcommunication signals for said first UE that encompasses the estimatedlocation of said first UE and a second directed transmission beam ofbase station RF communication signals for said second UE thatencompasses the estimated location of said second UE and has a differentdirection than said first directed transmission beam; and comparing theestimated SNRs to determine if the calculated transmission beam formingcriteria is to produce one or more directed transmission beams.
 10. Amethod of selectively directing base station RF communication signals ina wireless telecommunication system wherein a base station conductswireless RF communications with a plurality of user equipments (UEs),the method comprising: determining an estimated location of a UE;determining relative location data using the estimated UE location and aknown location of a base station antenna system; calculating beamforming criteria based in part on the relative location data; forming adirected beam for RF communication signals between said UE and said basestation antenna system based on said calculated beam forming criteriasuch that said directed beam encompasses the estimated location of saidUE; said calculating beam forming criteria including calculatingtransmission beam forming criteria based in part on the relativelocation data; and said beam forming including forming a directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals transmittedfrom said base station antenna system based on said calculatedtransmission beam forming criteria such that said directed transmissionbeam encompasses the estimated location of said UE; wherein a phasedantenna array system is used as the base station antenna system and thecalculating transmission beam forming criteria estimates an area of beamcoverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ and transmission power Psuch that phase φ and transmission power P are selected so the relativelocation data (θ, d) of the UE, where θ represents the angle of the UEfrom a 0 degree reference of the base station antenna system and drepresents the distance from the base station antenna system location,is within A_(beam).
 11. The method according to claim 10 wherein theantenna system has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapesof beams for the same phase and power and the calculating transmissionbeam forming criteria estimates an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as afunction F of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M.12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the antenna system has twomodes M which provide wide and narrow shapes of transmission beams,respectively for the same phase and power and the calculating beamforming criteria estimates an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as afunction F of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M.13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the calculatingtransmission beam forming criteria estimates a beam direction θ_(beam)as a function f of phase, θ_(beam)=f(φ) so that:A _(beam) =F(f ⁻¹(θ_(beam)), P, M) and θ_(beam) is selected based on θand P and M are selected base on d.
 14. The method according to claim 10wherein: said calculating beam forming criteria comprises calculatingreception beam forming criteria based in part on the relative locationdata; and said beam forming comprises forming a directed reception beamfor UE RF communication signals received by said base station antennasystem based on said calculated reception beam forming criteria suchthat said directed reception beam encompasses the estimated location ofsaid UE.
 15. A method of selectively directing base station RFcommunication signals in a wireless telecommunication system wherein abase station conducts wireless RF communications with a plurality ofuser equipments (UEs), the method comprising: determining an estimatedlocation of a UE; determining relative location data using the estimatedUE location and a known location of a base station antenna system;calculating beam forming criteria based in part on the relative locationdata; forming a directed beam for RF communication signals between saidUE and said base station antenna system based on said calculated beamforming criteria such that said directed beam encompasses the estimatedlocation of said UE; said calculating beam forming criteria includingcalculating reception beam forming criteria based in part on therelative location data; said beam forming including forming a directedreception beam for UE RF communication signals received by said basestation antenna system based on said calculated reception beam formingcriteria such that said directed reception beam encompasses theestimated location of said UE; determining an estimated location for aplurality of UEs within a specified geographic range of the base stationantenna system; determining relative location data of each UE using saidestimated location and the known location of the base station antennasystem; calculating reception beam forming criteria based in part on thedetermined relative location data of at least first and second of saidUEs; forming a directed reception beam for RF communication signals ofsaid first UE received by said base station antenna system based on saidcalculated reception beam forming criteria such that said directedreception beam encompasses the estimated location of said first UE; andforming a directed reception beam for RF communication signals of saidsecond UE received by said base station antenna system based on saidcalculated reception beam forming criteria such that said directedreception beam encompasses the estimated location of said second UE. 16.The method according to claim 15 wherein one directed reception beam forRF communication signals of both said first and second UEs is formedsuch that said one directed reception beam encompasses the estimatedlocations of said first UE and said second UE.
 17. The method accordingto claim 15 wherein a first directed reception beam for RF communicationsignals of said first UE is formed such that said first directed beamencompasses the estimated location of said first UE and a seconddirected reception beam for RF communication signals of said second UEis formed such that said second directed beam encompasses the estimatedlocation of said second UE and has a different direction than said firstdirected reception beam.
 18. The method according to claim 15 whereincalculating reception beam forming criteria is based in part on:estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming one directedreception beam for RF communication signals of both said first andsecond UEs that encompasses the estimated locations of said first UE andsaid second UE; estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming afirst directed reception beam for RF communication signals of said firstUE that encompasses the estimated location of said first UE and a seconddirected reception beam for RF communication signals of said second UEthat encompasses the estimated location of said second UE and has adifferent direction than said first directed reception beam; andcomparing the estimated SNRs to determine if the calculated receptionbeam forming criteria is to produce one or more directed receptionbeams.
 19. The method according to claim 15 further comprising:calculating transmission beam forming criteria based in part on therelative location data; and forming a directed transmission beam of basestation RF communication signals transmitted from said base stationantenna system based on said calculated transmission beam formingcriteria such that said directed transmission beam encompasses theestimated location of said UE.
 20. The method according to claim 19further comprising: calculating transmission beam forming criteria basedin part on the determined relative location data of at least said firstand second UEs; forming and transmitting from said base station antennasystem a directed transmission beam of base station RF communicationsignals for said first UE based on said calculated transmission beamforming criteria such that said directed transmission beam encompassesthe estimated location of said first UE; and forming and transmittingfrom said base station antenna system a directed transmission beam ofbase station RF communication signals for said second UE based on saidcalculated transmission beam forming criteria such that said directedtransmission beam encompasses the estimated location of said second UE.21. The method according to claim 20 wherein calculating transmissionbeam forming criteria is based in part on: estimating the signal tonoise ratio (SNR) of forming one directed transmission beam of basestation RF communication signals for both said first and second UEs thatencompasses the estimated locations of said first UE and said second UE;estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of forming a first directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals for saidfirst UE that encompasses the estimated location of said first UE and asecond directed transmission beam of base station RF communicationsignals for said second UE that encompasses the estimated location ofsaid second UE and has a different direction than said first directedtransmission beam; and comparing the estimated SNRs to determine if thecalculated transmission beam forming criteria is to produce one or moredirected transmission beams.
 22. A method of selectively directing basestation RF communication signals in a wireless telecommunication systemwherein a base station conducts wireless RF communications with aplurality of user equipments (UEs), the method comprising: determiningan estimated location of a UE; determining relative location data usingthe estimated UE location and a known location of a base station antennasystem; calculating beam forming criteria based in part on the relativelocation data; forming a directed beam for RF communication signalsbetween said UE and said base station antenna system based on saidcalculated beam forming criteria such that said directed beamencompasses the estimated location of said UE; said calculating beamforming criteria including calculating reception beam forming criteriabased in part on the relative location data; and said beam formingincluding forming a directed reception beam for UE RF communicationsignals received by said base station antenna system based on saidcalculated reception beam forming criteria such that said directedreception beam encompasses the estimated location of said UE; wherein aphased antenna array system is used as the base station antenna systemand the calculating reception beam forming criteria estimates an area ofbeam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ such that phase φ isselected so the relative location data (θ, d) of the UE, where θrepresents the angle of the UE from a 0 degree reference of the basestation antenna system and d represents the distance from the basestation antenna system location, is within A_(beam).
 23. The methodaccording to claim 22 wherein the antenna system has a plurality ofmodes M which provide different shapes of beams for the same phase andthe calculating reception beam forming criteria estimates an area ofbeam coverage A_(beam) as a function F of phase φ and antenna systemmode M.
 24. The method according to claim 23 wherein the antenna systemhas two modes M which provide wide and narrow shapes of reception beams,respectively for the same phase and the calculating reception beamforming criteria estimates an area of beam coverage A_(beam) as afunction F of phase φ and antenna system mode M.
 25. The methodaccording to claim 24 wherein the calculating reception beam formingcriteria estimates a beam direction θ_(beam) as a function f of phase,θ_(beam)=f(φ) so that:A _(beam) =F(f ⁻¹(θ_(beam)), M) and θ_(beam) is selected based on θ andM is selected base on d.
 26. The method according to claim 22 wherein:said calculating beam forming criteria comprises calculatingtransmission beam forming criteria based in part on the relativelocation data; and said beam forming comprises forming a directedtransmission beam of base station RF communication signals transmittedfrom said base station antenna system based on said calculatedtransmission beam forming criteria such that said directed transmissionbeam encompasses the estimated location of said UE.
 27. A base stationfor conducting wireless RF communications with a plurality of userequipments (UEs) in a wireless telecommunication system comprising: anRF module and an associated antenna array system; a beam formeroperatively associated with the RF module to form a desired beam withina range of beams of which the antenna array system is capable;geolocation processor coupled to said beam former that is configured toprocess UE geolocation data relative to data of a location of saidantenna array system and output selected parameters to the beam formersuch that the beam former controls the RF module to transmit or receivecommunication data for a selected UE in a shaped beam that encompassesan estimated location of the selected UE where geolocation data whichcorresponds to the estimated location of the selected UE is processed bysaid geolocation processor; and the geolocation processor beingconfigured to calculate transmission beam forming parameters byestimating an area of transmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a functionof RF phase φ and transmission power P such that phase φ andtransmission power P are selected so the relative location data (θ, d)of the selected UE, where θ represents the angle of the UE from a 0degree reference of the base station antenna system and d represents thedistance from the base station antenna system location, is withinA_(beam).
 28. The base station according to claim 27 wherein the antennasystem has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapes ofbeams for the same phase and power; and the geolocation processor isconfigured to calculate transmission beam forming parameters as afunction of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M andto output parameters to the beam former representing a selectedcombination of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode Mto control transmission beam formation.
 29. The base station accordingto claim 28 wherein the geolocation processor is configured to calculatereception beam forming parameters by estimating an area of receptionbeam coverage as a function of RF phase such that phase is selected sothe relative location data of the selected UE is within the area ofreception beam coverage.
 30. The base station according to claim 29wherein the antenna system has a plurality of reception modes whichprovide different shapes of reception beams for the same phase; and thegeolocation processor is configured to calculate reception beam formingparameters as a function of phase and antenna system reception mode andto output parameters to the beam former representing a selectedcombination of phase and antenna system reception mode to controlreception beam formation.
 31. The base station according to claim 27wherein: the RF module has the capacity to provide more than onetransmission beam such that each transmission beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs; and the beamformer is operatively associated with the RF module to form a set ofdesired transmission beams within a range of transmission beams whichthe antenna array system is capable of producing.
 32. The base stationaccording to claim 31 wherein the geolocation processor is configured tocalculate reception beam forming parameters by estimating an area ofreception beam coverage as a function of RF phase such that phase isselected so the relative location data of the selected UE is within thearea of reception beam coverage.
 33. The base station according to claim32 wherein: the RF module has the capacity to provide more than onereception beam such that each reception beam is capable of carryingcommunication signals for a separate set of UEs; the antenna system hasa plurality of reception modes which provide different shapes ofreception beams for the same phase; and the beam former is operativelyassociated with the RF module to form a set of desired reception beamswithin a range of reception beam capacity of the antenna array system.34. A wireless telecommunication system comprising a plurality of basestations according to claim
 27. 35. A wireless telecommunication systemaccording to claim 34 further comprising a plurality of mobile userequipments (UEs), each UE including: an RF module that has an associatedantenna; and a geolocation processor that is configured to determinecurrent UE geolocation data using a global positioning satellite (GPS)system which data is transmitted from said UE RF module antenna for useby said base stations.
 36. A base station for conducting wireless RFcommunications with a plurality of user equipments (UEs) in a wirelesstelecommunication system comprising: an RF module and an associatedantenna array system; a beam former operatively associated with the RFmodule to form a desired beam within a range of beams of which theantenna array system is capable; and a geolocation processor coupled tosaid beam former that is configured to process UE geolocation datarelative to data of a location of said antenna array system and outputselected parameters to the beam former such that the beam formercontrols the RF module to transmit or receive communication data for aselected UE in a shaped beam that encompasses an estimated location ofthe selected UE where geolocation data which corresponds to theestimated location of the selected UE is processed by said geolocationprocessor; the RF module having the capacity to provide more than onetransmission beam such that each transmission beam is capable ofcarrying communication signals for a separate set of UEs; the beamformer being operatively associated with the RF module to form a set ofdesired transmission beams within a range of transmission beams whichthe antenna array system is capable of producing; and the geolocationprocessor being configured to calculate transmission beam formingparameters by estimating a set of areas of transmission beam coveragebased on relative location data (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of aplurality of selected UEs, where θ_(i) represents the angle of theUE_(i) from a 0 degree reference of the base station antenna system andd_(i) represents the distance of the UE_(i) from the base stationantenna system location, as a function of RF phase φ and transmissionpower P such that phase φ and transmission power P are selected so therelative location data (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of a plurality ofselected UEs, is within one area of the set of areas of transmissionbeam coverage.
 37. The base station according to claim 36 wherein theantenna system has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapesof beams for the same phase and power; and the geolocation processor isconfigured to calculate transmission beam forming parameters as afunction of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode M andto output parameters to the beam former representing a set of selectedcombination of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna system mode Mto control transmission beam formation.
 38. A base station forconducting wireless RF communications with a plurality of userequipments (UEs) in a wireless telecommunication system comprising: anRF module and an associated antenna array system; a beam formeroperatively associated with the RF module to form a desired beam withina range of beams of which the antenna array system is capable; and ageolocation processor coupled to said beam former that is configured toprocess UE geolocation data relative to data of a location of saidantenna array system and output selected parameters to the beam formersuch that the beam former controls the RF module to transmit or receivecommunication data for a selected UE in a shaped beam that encompassesan estimated location of the selected UE where geolocation data whichcorresponds to the estimated location of the selected UE is processed bysaid geolocation processor; and the geolocation processor beingconfigured to calculate reception beam forming parameters by estimatingan area of transmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phaseφ such that phase φ is selected so the relative location data (θ, d) ofthe selected UE, where θ represents the angle of the UE from a 0 degreereference of the base station antenna system and d represents thedistance from the base station antenna system location, is withinA_(beam).
 39. The base station according to claim 38 wherein the antennasystem has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapes ofbeams for the same phase; and the geolocation processor is configured tocalculate reception beam forming parameters as a function of phase φ andantenna system mode M and to output parameters to the beam formerrepresenting a selected combination of phase φ and antenna system mode Mto control reception beam formation.
 40. The base station according toclaim 38 wherein: the RF module has the capacity to provide more thanone reception beam such that each reception beam is capable of carryingcommunication signals for a separate set of UEs; and the beam former isoperatively associated with the RF module to form a set of desiredreception beams within a range of reception beam capacity of the antennaarray system.
 41. The base station according to claim 40 wherein thegeolocation processor is configured to calculate reception beam formingparameters by estimating a set of areas of reception beam coverage basedon relative location data (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of a pluralityof selected UEs, where θ_(i) represents the angle of the UE_(i) from a 0degree reference of the base station antenna system and d_(i) representsthe distance of the UE_(i) from the base station antenna systemlocation, as a function of RF phase φ such that phase φ is selected sothe relative location data (θ_(i), d_(i)) of each UE_(i) of a pluralityof selected UEs, is within one area of the set of areas of receptionbeam coverage.
 42. The base station according to claim 41 wherein theantenna system has a plurality of modes M which provide different shapesof beams for the same phase; and the geolocation processor is configuredto calculate reception beam forming parameters as a function of phase φand antenna system mode M and to output parameters to the beam formerrepresenting a set of selected combination of phase φ and antenna systemmode M to control reception beam formation.
 43. A wirelesstelecommunication system comprising: a plurality of base stations, eachbase station including; an RF module and an associated antenna arraysystem; a beam former operatively associated with the RF module to forma desired beam within a range of beams of which the antenna array systemis capable; and a geolocation processor coupled to said beam former thatis configured to process UE geolocation data relative to data of alocation of said antenna array system and output selected parameters tothe beam former such that the beam former controls the RF module totransmit or receive communication data for a selected UE in a shapedbeam that encompasses an estimated location of the selected UE wheregeolocation data which corresponds to the estimated location of theselected UE is processed by said geolocation processor; a plurality ofmobile user equipments (UEs), each UE including: an RF module and anassociated antenna array system; a beam former operatively associatedwith the RF module to form a desired beam within a range of beams whichthe antenna array system is capable of producing; and a geolocationprocessor coupled to said beam former that is configured to process UEgeolocation data of an estimated UE location relative to data of theknown location of a selected base station and output selected parametersto the beam former such that the beam former controls the RF module totransmit or receive communication data for the selected base station ina shaped beam that encompasses the known location of the selected basestation where UE geolocation data relative to the known location of theselected base station is processed by said geolocation processor.
 44. Auser equipment (UE) for conducting wireless RF communications with basestations having known locations in a wireless telecommunication systemcomprising: an RF module and an associated antenna array system; a beamformer operatively associated with the RF module to form a desired beamwithin a range of beams which the antenna array system is capable ofproducing; and geolocation processor coupled to said beam former that isconfigured to process UE geolocation data of an estimated UE locationrelative to data of the known location of a selected base station andoutput selected parameters to the beam former such that the beam formercontrols the RF module to transmit or receive communication data for theselected base station in a shaped beam that encompasses the knownlocation of the selected base station where UE geolocation data relativeto the known location of the selected base station is processed by saidgeolocation processor; and the geolocation processor being configured tocalculate transmission beam forming parameters by estimating an area oftransmission beam coverage A_(beam) as a function of RF phase φ andtransmission power P such that phase φ and transmission power P areselected so relative location data (θ, d) of the estimated UE locationrelative to the known location of the selected base station, where θrepresents the angle of the selected base station from a 0 degreereference of the estimated UE location and d represents the distancebetween the estimated UE location and the known location of the selectedbase station, is within A_(beam).
 45. The UE according to claim 44wherein the geolocation processor is configured to calculate receptionbeam forming parameters by estimating an area of reception beam coverageas a function of RF phase such that phase is selected so the relativelocation data of the selected base station is within the area ofreception beam coverage.
 46. A user equipment (UE) for conductingwireless RF communications with base stations having known locations ina wireless telecommunication system comprising; an RF module and anassociated antenna array system; a beam former operatively associatedwith the RF module to form a desired beam within a range of beams whichthe antenna array system is capable of producing; and a geolocationprocessor coupled to said beam former that is configured to process UEgeolocation data of an estimated UE location relative to data of theknown location of a selected base station and output selected parametersto the beam former such that the beam former controls the RF module totransmit or receive communication data for the selected base station ina shaped beam that encompasses the known location of the selected basestation where UE geolocation data relative to the known location of theselected base station is processed by said geolocation processor; theantenna system having a plurality of modes M which provide differentshapes of beams for the same phase and power; and the geolocationprocessor being configured to calculate transmission beam formingparameters as a function of phase φ, transmission power P and antennasystem mode M and to output parameters to the beam former representing aselected combination of phase φ, transmission power P and antenna systemmode M to control transmission beam formation.
 47. The UE according toclaim 46 wherein the antenna system has a plurality of reception modeswhich provide different shapes of reception beams for the same phase;and the geolocation processor is configured to calculate reception beamforming parameters as a function of phase and antenna system receptionmode and to output parameters to the beam former representing a selectedcombination of phase and antenna system reception mode to controlreception beam formation.